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Uncle Sam (initials U.S.) is a common national personification of the American government or the United States in general that, according to legend, came into use during the War of 1812 and was supposedly named for Samuel Wilson but whose actual origin may be obscure.〔Schauffler, Robert Haven (1912) ''Flag day; its history'' Page 145〕 Uncle Sam represents a manifestation of patriotic emotion (of people in America for the country in which they live).〔(p.9)〕 The first use of Uncle Sam in formal literature, as distinct from newspapers, was in the 1816 allegorical book "''The Adventures of Uncle Sam in Search After His Lost Honor''" by Frederick Augustus Fidfaddy, Esq.〔p. 40-41 of Albert Matthews, "Uncle Sam". ''Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society'', v.19, 1908. pp.21–65. (Google Books )〕 An Uncle Sam is mentioned as early as 1775, in the original "Yankee Doodle" lyrics of the American Revolutionary War.〔Benson J. Lossing, ''Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution'', Volume II, Supplement XIV (1850)〕 It is not clear whether this reference is to Uncle Sam as a metaphor for the United States, or to an actual person named Sam. The lyrics as a whole clearly deride the military efforts of the young nation, besieging the British at Boston. The 13th stanza is: :Old Uncle Sam come there to change :Some pancakes and some onions, :For 'lasses cakes, to carry home :To give his wife and young ones. ==Earlier personifications== The earliest known personification of what would become the United States was "Columbia" who first appeared in 1738 and sometimes was associated with Liberty. With the American Revolutionary War came "Brother Jonathan" as another personification and finally after the War of 1812 Uncle Sam appeared.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/614065/Uncle-Sam. )〕 However, according to an article in the 1893 ''The Lutheran Witness'' Uncle Sam was simply another name for Brother Jonathan: "When we meet him in politics we call him Uncle Sam; when we meet him in society we call him Brother Jonathan. Here of late Uncle Sam ''alias'' Brother Jonathan has been doing a powerful lot of complaining, hardly doing anything else." (sic)〔December 7, 1893 "A Bit of Advice" ''The Lutheran Witness'' pg 100〕 Furthermore, a March 24, 1810 journal entry by Isaac Mayo states: weighed anchor stood down the harbour, passed Sandy Hook, where there are two light-houses, and put to sea, first and second day out most deadly seasick, oh could I have got on shore in the hight () of it, I swear that uncle Sam, as they call him, would certainly forever have lost the services of at least one sailor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=July 4, 2013 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Uncle Sam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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